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Research purpose: This study proposes and validates a cross-level theoretical model, transposing the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework to explain the pathway from macro-level environmental pressures to the formation of micro-level managerial competencies required to lead digital transformation in Vietnam’s banking sector.
Research motivation: While the Vietnamese banking sector faces an urgent mandate for digital transformation, failure rates remain high. This is not a technological paradox but a strategic one, stemming from a critical knowledge gap: the “black box” mechanism through which macro-level environmental dynamics are translated into a targeted, micro-level managerial competency strategy. This study addresses this gap. Research design, approach, and method: This study employs a rigorous, two-stage systematic literature review (SLR) adhering to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. An initial inductive search on the Scopus database identified emergent contextual drivers, which were subsequently validated and structured through a second, deductive search against the established constructs of the TOE framework. Main findings: This study makes two primary theoretical contributions. First, it finds that environmental pressures from competitors, government, and customers interact to create an “Environmental Pressure Spiral,” a reinforcing feedback system that acts as the primary catalyst for the digital transformation imperative. Second, this process is mediated by a “Competency-Technology Feedback Loop,” a co-evolutionary mechanism between human capital and technological assets. These dynamics drive the need for a hierarchical competency set, where a foundational Digital Mindset enables the acquisition of Digital Knowledge and the application of Digital Skills. Practical/managerial implications: This study provides a diagnostic model for banking executives to translate environmental pressures into a competency development roadmap for leading effective digital transformation. It guides how to build a management team capable of navigating disruption by understanding how external pressures inform the need for specific digital mindsets, knowledge, and skills. |
